{"id":25107,"date":"2025-11-02T09:21:26","date_gmt":"2025-11-02T09:21:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%b6%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d9%88-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%aa-%d8%b6%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b5%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2025-12-16T10:19:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T10:19:58","slug":"tekstil-sanayisi-atiklarinin-geri-donusumu-ve-kentsel-cevre-yonetimindeki-rolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/tekstil-sanayisi-atiklarinin-geri-donusumu-ve-kentsel-cevre-yonetimindeki-rolu\/","title":{"rendered":"Tekstil sanayisi at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve kentsel \u00e7evre y\u00f6netimindeki rol\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00d6zet<\/strong><\/h6>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde moda anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve giyimde \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin artmas\u0131yla birlikte, tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir malzemelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu at\u0131klar\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde toplanmas\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle maliyetlerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve \u00e7evrenin iyile\u015ftirilmesinde etkili bir rol oynanabilir.<\/p>\n

Tekstil sanayisi at\u0131klar\u0131, \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecindeki at\u0131klar\u0131 ve kentsel kuru at\u0131klar\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00e7\u00f6pler yoluyla \u00e7evreye at\u0131lan tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kayda de\u011fer hacmine ra\u011fmen, \u015fimdiye kadar bu at\u0131klar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir plan ve program ile hi\u00e7bir sanayi birimi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Oysa liflerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci, \u00e7evresel a\u00e7\u0131dan ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011finin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f liflerin \u00e7e\u015fitli sanayilerde \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131m alan\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131, at\u0131klardan lif geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm birimlerini y\u00fcksek katma de\u011ferli hammadde \u00fcretimi ve istihdam yarat\u0131m\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygulamal\u0131 ve belgesel y\u00f6ntemle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma; tekstil faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan at\u0131klar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nem ve gereklili\u011fini, tekstil sanayisindeki geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemlerinin t\u00fcrlerini ve bu geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden elde edilen liflerin farkl\u0131 sanayilerde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ele almaktad\u0131r. Elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar, tekstil faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan at\u0131klar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn; kentsel \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, at\u0131k miktar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na, at\u0131k biriktirme i\u00e7in gerekli alan\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesine, petrol ve petrokimya gibi yenilenemez kaynaklar\u0131n t\u00fcketiminde tasarrufa, istihdam\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve polyester lif ithalat\u0131na olan ihtiyac\u0131n azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong> geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/a>, tekstil<\/a>, kentsel \u00e7evre<\/a>, polyester<\/a>, \u00e7evre m\u00fchendisli\u011fi<\/a><\/p>\n

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1. Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/h6>\n

H\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131, sanayilerin geli\u015fmesi ve t\u00fcketimcilik; insan toplumlar\u0131nda kentsel, end\u00fcstriyel ve tar\u0131msal at\u0131klar\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131na neden olan en \u00f6nemli etkenlerdir. End\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klar\u0131n son y\u0131llarda usule ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde bertaraf edilmesi, insan toplumlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da tehlikeyi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. End\u00fcstriyel at\u0131klar\u0131n yetersiz y\u00f6netimi son y\u0131llarda insan toplumlar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok krize yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (1393, Moghtader Kargaran, Javad; Mirdavood Bani-Fatemeh ve Mirabdolaali Gheibi)<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kentsel kat\u0131 at\u0131klar veya kentsel at\u0131k konusu, d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm \u015fehirlerde \u00f6nemli ve ciddi sorunlardan biridir. At\u0131k, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar kullan\u0131lmayan ve at\u0131lan maddeler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi; ancak zamanla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen geli\u015fmelerle, bunlardan yararlan\u0131labilece\u011fi ve yeniden sanayi d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne sokulabilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u015flemleri bilimsel bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finde ekonomik fayda sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfusun artmas\u0131 ve \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik artan dikkatle birlikte, at\u0131klar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde yeniden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. At\u0131k su ve at\u0131klar, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011finin \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnya genelinde bu sorunun \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7abalar s\u00fcrmektedir. (1400, Hatemi Zanouzi, Leila)<\/p>\n

Petrol, gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibi enerji rezervlerinin azalmas\u0131 ve bu kaynaklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, insan, yenilenemez kaynaklar\u0131n daha iyi kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler aramaktad\u0131r; ayr\u0131ca \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumunun en \u00f6nemli kayg\u0131lar\u0131ndan biridir. Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden biri at\u0131klar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir; bu, enerji t\u00fcketimini azalt\u0131r ve \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn daha ucuz olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin bertaraf\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemler; atma, g\u00f6mme ve yakmad\u0131r. Oysa bu at\u0131klar, ger\u00e7ekte potansiyel bir enerji ve madde kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve do\u011fru y\u00f6netimle \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne geri kazand\u0131r\u0131labilir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde at\u0131k y\u00f6netiminde \u00fc\u00e7 yakla\u015f\u0131m; at\u0131klar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, yeniden kullan\u0131m ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm olarak ifade edilmektedir. (Salehi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, 1397)<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131na ve kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na dikkat edilmesi, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi yolunda \u00f6nemli bir zorluk haline gelmi\u015f; tekstil alan\u0131nda, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir malzemelerin, dayan\u0131kl\u0131 malzemelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00e7evresel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle uyumlu \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gibi hususlar \u00fcretime alternatif olarak g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. (1399, Khashaei, Rezvan)<\/p>\n

Kuma\u015f, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kirletici ikinci end\u00fcstrisi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bir kuma\u015f\u0131n ortalama \u00f6mr\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131ld\u0131r; bu nedenle kuma\u015flar \u00e7ok say\u0131da at\u0131k \u00fcretir. D\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7\u00f6p depolama alanlar\u0131n\u0131n %5\u2019i tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131 ve kuma\u015f \u00e7\u00f6pleri taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmektedir. Kuma\u015f \u00fcretimi veya t\u00fcketimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda at\u0131k olu\u015fumundan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle m\u00fc\u015fterilerin sat\u0131n alma al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc hakk\u0131nda uygun bir analiz sunmak gereklidir. \u00c7\u00f6p depolama alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen ve yak\u0131lan kuma\u015f at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve do\u011fayla uyumlulu\u011fu sayesinde \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131labilir. Kuma\u015f at\u0131klar\u0131, iplik e\u011firme, boyama, terbiye i\u015flemleri, giysi dikimi ve hatta t\u00fcketim a\u015famas\u0131 dahil, kuma\u015f \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131, tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin mevcut y\u00f6ntemleri ve \u00fclkemizde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 incelemek ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak; ayr\u0131ca tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnden elde edilen malzemelerin kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun kentsel \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemektir.<\/p>\n

\n
2. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi<\/strong><\/h6>\n

1399 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Pasandideh Tashakkori ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, \u0130ran\u2019da \u00fcretici sorumlulu\u011fu do\u011frultusunda at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi stratejilerini incelemi\u015ftir. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonucu, \u0130ran\u2019da da di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 deneyimlerinden yararlanarak ve EPR gerekliliklerini uygulayarak, \u00fcreticilerin \u00fcr\u00fcnleri tasarlarken ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc boyunca \u00e7evresel etkileri en aza indirmek amac\u0131yla hukuki ve ekonomik sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 kabul edip, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ve t\u00fcketimden kaynaklanan at\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar atabileceklerini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, G. Baydar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fcretilen tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc incelemi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn farkl\u0131 a\u015famalar\u0131nda \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc m\u00fcdahalelerin, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn genel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011finde iyile\u015fmeye yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1400 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Leila Hatemi Zanouzi, at\u0131k y\u00f6netimini ve geri kazan\u0131m d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik uygun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri ve \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u015flemleri bilimsel bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ekonomik fayda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Bahareh Zamani ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131 Yale \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde, farkl\u0131 tekstil geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tekniklerinin potansiyel \u00e7evresel faydalar\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015f ve bunun sonucunda tekstil at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi stratejilerinin daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir se\u00e7eneklere y\u00f6nlendirilmesini ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, yakman\u0131n en y\u00fcksek k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma potansiyeline ve birincil enerji t\u00fcketimine sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci, incelenen sistemler aras\u0131nda en iyi performans\u0131 sergilemi\u015f; her ton tekstil at\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na 8 ton CO2-eq ve 164 GJ birincil enerji tasarrufu sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Morley ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, ikinci el giysiler i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\/geri kazan\u0131m\/yeniden kullan\u0131m se\u00e7eneklerini de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f ve at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi se\u00e7imlerinden kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, giysilerin yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm veya bertarafa k\u0131yasla \u00f6nemli faydalar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015ftir. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, pamuklu ve polyester giysi \u00f6rnekleri i\u00e7in yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131n azami faydas\u0131n\u0131n 33 kg CO2-eq\/kg oldu\u011fu; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k lif geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn azami faydas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 kg CO2-eq\/kg oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1400 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Fatemeh Tahhanian Fini ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, do\u011fal polimer temelli geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f polyester liflerinden haz\u0131rlanan g\u00f6zenekli nanokompozitin performans\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada haz\u0131rlanan adsorbanlar, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak do\u011fal polimer kitosan ve \u00e7apraz ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olarak glutaraldehit kullan\u0131larak bir a\u011f yap\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Adsorbanlar, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi spektroskopi ile ve azot adsorpsiyon-desorpsiyon testleriyle karakterize edilmi\u015f ve farkl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin adsorpsiyon kapasitesine etkisi incelenmi\u015ftir. Petrol kuyusu ham petrol\u00fc, adsorplanacak ya\u011fl\u0131 madde olarak adsorbanlar\u0131n verimlilik ve performans\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6re, haz\u0131rlanan \u00fcr\u00fcnler petrol adsorpsiyonu ve su ortam\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011f s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde etkili adsorbanlar olarak kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

1399 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Rezvan Khashaei, tekstil sanayisinde kullan\u0131lan liflerin \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in polyester at\u0131klar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemini incelemi\u015ftir. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tekstil sanayisinin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu polyesterin yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n ithal oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir; s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nman\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumundaki \u00f6nemi ve k\u00fcresel pazar rekabeti g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, polyester gibi ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131zda geni\u015f kullan\u0131m alan\u0131na ve role sahip at\u0131klar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc gerekli, zorunlu ve faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ve yetkililerin, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn kolayla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kayna\u011f\u0131nda ay\u0131rma ve kat\u0131 at\u0131klar\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda te\u015fvik edilmesi; \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 sanayilerinin, \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemli tekstil sanayisinin hammadde temini a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir kaynak olup ithalat maliyetlerinde tasarruf sa\u011flayacak ve \u00fclke ekonomisine \u00f6nemli bir canl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1395 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Majid Vahdati-Pour ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f polyester liflerinin eklenmesinin, Me\u015fhed kent i\u00e7i rayl\u0131 sistem hatt\u0131 2 g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131ndaki kil zeminlerin dayan\u0131m davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7evresel bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak etkisini incelemi\u015ftir. Laboratuvar ortam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, polyester liflerinin kil zeminlerin dayan\u0131m davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na etkisi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, bu liflerin eklenmesinin zeminin kuru birim hacim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve optimum su muhtevas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fal zemine g\u00f6re 56\/1 kat art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, kayma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla 80\/1 ve 76\/1 kat artmaktad\u0131r. Lifler, p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fc y\u00fczeyleri nedeniyle zemin taneleri ile lifler aras\u0131nda ba\u011f ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme olu\u015fturur. Lif y\u00fczeyi ne kadar p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fc olursa, daha fazla s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme olu\u015fturarak liflerin kaymaya kar\u015f\u0131 direncini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1388 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ebrahim Mirzaei ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f polyester lifleriyle g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f asfalt kaplamalar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini incelemi\u015ftir. Lif katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n asfalt beton kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131, asfalt kaplamalar\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bilinen bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f polyester liflerinin asfalt beton kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini incelemektir.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, s\u00fcrekli gran\u00fclometriye sahip bir t\u00fcr agrega, 60\/70 saf bit\u00fcm ve \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 y\u00fczde oran\u0131nda geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f polyester lifleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Penetrasyon derecesi, yumu\u015fama noktas\u0131, Marshall kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve dolayl\u0131 \u00e7ekme deneyi ile yap\u0131lan laboratuvar incelemeleri; liflerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve reolojik \u00f6zelliklerini iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fini ve liflerin sertle\u015ftirici \u00f6zelliklerinin lif y\u00fczdesine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, lif eklenmesi, lifsiz numunelere k\u0131yasla Marshall stabilitesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir azalmaya ve optimum bit\u00fcm y\u00fczdesi ile asfalt bo\u015fluk oran\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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3. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma belgesel ve uygulamal\u0131 niteliktedir ve k\u00fct\u00fcphane kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 ve incelenmesi yoluyla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131, tekstil sanayisi faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan at\u0131k ve p\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062flar ekseninde end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nem ve gereklili\u011fini incelemektir. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n; \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri, \u00f6\u011frenciler, \u00e7evre aktivistleri ve benzeri gruplar i\u00e7in, tekstil sanayisi geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131 alan\u0131nda yeni fikirler \u00fcretmeye ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131 umulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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4. Tekstil At\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc hem ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan hem de \u00e7evresel faydalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem, taze malzemeler kullan\u0131larak tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok kirletici ve y\u00fcksek enerji yo\u011funluklu s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00f6nler. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131yla, \u00e7\u00f6p depolama alan\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 da azal\u0131r. Tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7\u00f6p depolama alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da soruna neden olur ve en \u00f6nemlisi sentetik lifler ayr\u0131\u015fmaz. Genel olarak geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm iki s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n

4-1: Fiziksel Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Fiziksel geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde, \u00fcretim at\u0131klar\u0131 ve t\u00fcketim sonras\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k plastik at\u0131klar\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi veya i\u015flenmesi s\u00fcre\u00e7leri kullan\u0131larak yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcrecin basit, ucuz ve \u00e7evreyle uyumlu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, fiziksel geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kimyasal geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme g\u00f6re daha fazla ilgi ve kabul g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n

4-2: Kimyasal Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Kimyasal geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, y\u00fcksek molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 polimerlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck molek\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 maddelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini sa\u011flar. Elde edilen maddeler, di\u011fer polimerlerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda ve reaksiyonlarda reaktif olarak kullan\u0131labilir. Tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, bir\u00e7ok ekonomik, \u00e7evresel ve sosyal sorun i\u00e7in bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Tekstil geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihi bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olsa da, son y\u0131llarda moda k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle tekstil t\u00fcketiminin ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 at\u0131k \u00fcretiminin artmas\u0131 nedeniyle geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm konusuna dikkat daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyet ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki en az olumsuz etki, bir bile\u015fenin kendi ilk \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi durumunda elde edilir; bu durum kapal\u0131 d\u00f6ng\u00fc geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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5. Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Teknolojilerinin T\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/h6>\n

5-1: Termal Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Teknolojisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Termal geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, lif at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla \u00fcretilen \u0131s\u0131 enerjisinin, \u0131s\u0131 veya elektrik enerjisi olarak geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131na ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5-2: Malzeme Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Teknolojisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malzeme geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, polimerleri lifler yoluyla geri kazan\u0131r ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde polietilen tereftalat\u0131n (PET) liflere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi fikri, en ekonomik ve en yayg\u0131n pratik hedeflerden biri olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5-3: Kimyasal Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Teknolojisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kimyasal geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, polimerin ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla israf edilmi\u015f liflerden monomerleri geri kazan\u0131r. Safs\u0131zl\u0131klar geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f monomerlerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kaliteleri tam olarak ilk monomerlerle ayn\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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6. Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h6>\n

Tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve giysilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, hem ekonomik hem de \u00e7evresel faydalar sa\u011flar. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, taze malzemeler kullan\u0131larak tekstil \u00fcretiminde yer alan kirlilik ve enerji yo\u011fun i\u015flemlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci; \u00e7\u00f6p depolama alan\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r, kaynaklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcketiminin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde t\u00fcketilen enerji ile hammadde \u00fcretimi ve \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131nda t\u00fcketilen enerji aras\u0131ndaki fark sayesinde kirlilik \u00fcretimini azalt\u0131r. (Jeyaraman Anandha Kumar, 2020)<\/p>\n

Tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131, \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecindeki at\u0131klar ile kentsel kuru at\u0131klar\u0131 kapsar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7\u00f6pler yoluyla \u00e7evreye at\u0131lan tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kayda de\u011fer hacmine ra\u011fmen, \u015fimdiye kadar bu at\u0131klar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir plan ve program ile hi\u00e7bir sanayi birimi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Oysa liflerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci, \u00e7evresel a\u00e7\u0131dan ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011finin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f liflerin \u00e7e\u015fitli sanayilerde \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131m alan\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131, at\u0131klardan lif geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm birimlerini y\u00fcksek katma de\u011ferli hammadde \u00fcretimi ve istihdam yarat\u0131m\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

At\u0131k geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm sanayisi, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcksek avantaja ve kapasiteye sahip oldu\u011fu alanlardan biridir ve mevcut i\u015fsizli\u011fin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilir. (Zarghi ve Rahmani-Zadeh, 1397)<\/p>\n

\u00dclkedeki polyester sanayisine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak ve bu yerli, stratejik ve istihdam yaratan sanayiyi desteklemek; i\u00e7 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, ithalat\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya kesilmesi, \u00fclkenin tekstil \u00fcretim zincirinin tamamlanmas\u0131, petrol ve gaz kaynaklar\u0131na dayal\u0131 katma de\u011fer zincirinin tamamlanmas\u0131 ve \u00fclkenin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 beraberinde getirecektir. (1399, Khashaei, Rezvan)<\/p>\n

Tekstil s\u00fcrecinde \u00fcretilen at\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Bu geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f lifler asfalt beton kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilir; bu, asfalt kaplamalar\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bilinen bir y\u00f6ntemdir. (1388, Ebrahim Mirzaei ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131)<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f polyester liflerinin kile eklenmesi, kilin dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. (1395, Majid Vahdati-Pour ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131)<\/p>\n

Bu geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f lifler, ya\u011f emici g\u00f6zenekli nanokompozit \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131labilir. Adsorbanlar, s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar, trafik kazalar\u0131 ve benzeri nedenlerle olu\u015fan petrol kirliliklerinin temizlenmesinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (1400, Fatemeh Tahhanian Fini ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131)<\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6zet G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde moda anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve giyimde \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin artmas\u0131yla birlikte, tekstil at\u0131klar\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir malzemelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu at\u0131klar\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde toplanmas\u0131 ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle maliyetlerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve \u00e7evrenin iyile\u015ftirilmesinde etkili bir rol oynanabilir. Tekstil sanayisi at\u0131klar\u0131, \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecindeki at\u0131klar\u0131 ve kentsel kuru at\u0131klar\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00e7\u00f6pler yoluyla \u00e7evreye at\u0131lan tekstil \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin kayda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25822,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50,87],"tags":[89],"class_list":["post-25107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tekstilde-surdurulebilirlik-tr","category---tr","tag--------t"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25107"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25928,"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25107\/revisions\/25928"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oyaz.co\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}